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After a career working and living with American Indians and studying their traditions, Barre Toelken has written this sweeping study of Native American folklore in the West. Within a framework of performance theory, cultural worldview, and collaborative research, he examines Native American visual arts, dance, oral tradition (story and song), humor, and patterns of thinking and discovery to demonstrate what can be gleaned from Indian traditions by Natives and non-Natives alike. In the process he considers popular distortions of Indian beliefs, demystifies many traditions by showing how th

Folklore - Performance - West (U.S.). --- Folklore - West (U.S.) - Classification. --- Indians of North America - West (U.S.) - Folklore. --- Indians of North America. --- Indians of North America --- Folklore --- Oral tradition --- Gender & Ethnic Studies --- Social Sciences --- Ethnic & Race Studies --- Performance --- Classification --- Tradition, Oral --- Folk beliefs --- Folk-lore --- Traditions --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- Culture --- Ethnology --- Classification. --- Oral communication --- Oral history --- Manners and customs --- Material culture --- Mythology --- Storytelling

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The test of western literature has invariably been Is it real? Is it accurate? Authentic? The result is a standard anything but literary, as Nathaniel Lewis observes in this ambitious work, a wholesale rethinking of the critical terms and contexts-and thus of the very nature-of western writing. Why is western writing virtually missing from the American literary canon but a frequent success in the marketplace? The skewed status of western literature, Lewis contends, can be directly attributed to the strategies of the region's writers, and these strategies depend consistently on the claim of authenticity. A perusal of western American authorship reveals how these writers effectively present themselves as accurate and reliable recorders of real places, histories, and cultures-but not as stylists or inventors. The imaginative qualities of this literature are thus obscured in the name of authentic reproduction. Through a study of a set of western authors and their relationships to literary and cultural history, Lewis offers a reconsideration of the deceptive and often undervalued history of western American literature. With unequivocal admiration for the literature under scrutiny, Lewis exposes the potential for startling new readings once western writing is freed from its insistence on a questionable authenticity. His book sets out a broader system of inquiry that points writers and critics of western literature in the direction of a new and truly sustaining literary tradition.

Frontier and pioneer life in literature. --- Western stories --- American literature --- History and criticism. --- West (U.S.) --- In literature. --- Intellectual life. --- History and criticism --- Intellectual life --- West [U.S.] in literature --- American fiction --- Norris, Frank --- Criticism and interpretation --- Miller, Joaquin, 1837?-1913 --- Environmental literature

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Nature in literature. --- Authors, American --- Natural history literature --- American literature --- Nature in poetry --- Nature literature --- Scientific literature --- Natural history --- Homes and haunts --- History. --- History and criticism. --- West (U.S.) --- In literature. --- Intellectual life.

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A frank portrayal of Toussaint Charbonneau, a French-Canadian fur trader, who, with his Shoshone Indian wife Sacagawea, joined the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1803. While Sacagawea assumed legendary status as a ""token of peace"", Toussaint has been maligned in fiction and nonfiction alike.

Frontier and pioneer life --- Indian interpreters --- Pioneers --- Shoshoni women --- Interpreters, Indian --- Translators --- Shoshoni Indians --- Women, Shoshoni --- Women --- Charbonneau, Jean-Baptiste, --- Charbonneau, Toussaint, --- Sacagawea --- Sacagawea. --- Pomp, --- Bird Woman --- Sacajawea --- Sakakawea --- Family. --- Lewis and Clark Expedition --- Corps of Discovery --- Corps of Discovery Expedition --- Ėkspedit︠s︡ii︠a︡ Lʹi︠u︡isa i Klarka --- Lewis & Clark Expedition --- Lewis and Clark Corps of Discovery Expedition --- Lewis and Clarke Expedition --- Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Expedition --- West (U.S.) --- American West --- Trans-Mississippi West (U.S.) --- United States, Western --- Western States (U.S.) --- Western United States --- Discovery and exploration.

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From Sacagawea's travels with Lewis and Clark to rock groupie Pamela Des Barres's California trips, women have moved across the American West with profound consequences for the people and places they encounter. Virginia Scharff revisits a grand theme of United States history-our restless, relentless westward movement--but sets out in new directions, following women's trails from the early nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. In colorful, spirited stories, she weaves a lyrical reconsideration of the processes that created, gave meaning to, and ultimately shattered the West. Twenty Thousand Roads introduces a cast of women mapping the world on their own terms, often crossing political and cultural boundaries defined by male-dominated institutions and perceptions. Scharff examines the faint traces left by Sacagawea and revisits Susan Magoffin's famed honeymoon journey down the Santa Fe Trail. We also meet educated women like historian Grace Hebard and government extension agent Fabiola Cabeza de Baca, who mapped the West with different voyages and visions. Scharff introduces women whose lives gave shape to the forces of gender, race, region, and modernity; participants in exploration, war, politics, empire, and struggles for social justice; and movers and shakers of everyday family life. This book powerfully and poetically shows us that to understand the American West, we must examine the lives of women who both built and resisted American expansion. Scharff remaps western history as she reveals how moving women have shaped our past, present, and future.

Women pioneers --- Women --- Frontier and pioneer life --- West (U.S.) --- History. --- 19th century. --- 20th century. --- america. --- american expansion. --- american west. --- cultural boundaries. --- exploration. --- fabiola cabeza de baca. --- famous women. --- gender issues. --- gender studies. --- grace hebard. --- historians. --- historical women. --- nonfiction stories. --- pamela des barres. --- political boundaries. --- race issues. --- sacagawea. --- santa fe trail. --- social justice. --- susan magoffin. --- textbooks. --- travel. --- united states history. --- western history. --- western travel. --- westward movement. --- women and travel.